Algeria was once one of the world’s largest wine producers, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries when it served as a vital supplier of bulk wine to France. Under French colonial rule, vast vineyards were planted across the north, especially in regions like Oran and Algiers, taking advantage of the Mediterranean climate and fertile soils to produce high-alcohol, deeply colored reds. These wines were often blended with weaker French wines to boost strength and color, and at its peak in the 1930s and 1950s, Algeria produced more wine than any other country except France and Italy. After independence in 1962, however, Algeria’s wine industry collapsed due to nationalization, the departure of French vintners, and a shift in government policy away from alcohol production in a majority-Muslim country. Today, only a small fraction of the former vineyards remain, with limited production focused mostly on local consumption and occasional exports. Despite its decline, Algeria’s legacy as a former powerhouse of Mediterranean wine production remains a fascinating chapter in the global history of viticulture.