Beer is one of the world’s oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic beverages, made by fermenting a combination of malted grains (typically barley), water, hops, and yeast. It falls into two primary fermentation categories: ales, which are made with top-fermenting yeast at warmer temperatures, and lagers, made with bottom-fermenting yeast at cooler temperatures, resulting in a crisper, cleaner profile. The style spectrum is vast, ranging from light and refreshing pilsners to dark, rich stouts, with flavor profiles influenced by ingredients, brewing methods, and regional traditions. Beer is not only a beverage of refreshment but also a cultural staple, with deep historical roots and a booming global craft movement that continues to expand its diversity and appreciation.